Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs):
- Common Cold: Caused by viruses (e.g., rhinovirus), presenting with runny nose, cough, and mild fever.
- Sinusitis: Inflammation of the sinuses, often following a cold, causing nasal congestion and facial pain.
- Pharyngitis: Sore throat caused by viruses or bacteria like Group A Streptococcus.
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs):
- Bronchiolitis: Viral infection (commonly RSV) in infants, causing wheezing and breathing difficulties.
- Pneumonia: Infections of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, leading to fever, cough, and difficulty breathing.
- Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection with chronic cough, weight loss, and night sweats, especially in high-risk areas.
Chronic Respiratory Conditions:
- Asthma: A chronic condition characterized by airway inflammation, wheezing, and shortness of breath, often triggered by allergens or infections.
- Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder leading to thick mucus production, recurrent lung infections, and breathing difficulties.
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: A rare genetic condition affecting ciliary function, causing recurrent respiratory infections.
Allergic and Environmental Disorders:
- Allergic Rhinitis: Nasal congestion, sneezing, and itching caused by allergens like pollen or dust mites.
- Environmental Factors: Smoke, pollution, and other irritants can worsen respiratory health in children.
Congenital and Structural Disorders:
- Tracheomalacia: Weakness of the tracheal walls, causing airway collapse.
- Laryngomalacia: Softening of the larynx, leading to noisy breathing in infants.
Other Conditions:
- Whooping Cough (Pertussis): A bacterial infection causing severe coughing fits, preventable through vaccination.
- Foreign Body Aspiration: Inhalation of objects like food or toys, causing airway obstruction.
